My master project is
about the effect of faults on ground water table in Tehran plain, has been
fulfilled at the University of Shahid Beheshti (Tehran, Iran).
The study area is located at the foot of the southern slope of uplifting
Alborz Mountains where basically filled by the
fluvial sediments of Quaternary; groundwater
flow in the unconsolidated sediments is traditionally described as following a potentiometric surface from N-NW to S-SE.
Structures (faults and folds) within the area parallel to the general
trend of the Alborz (E-W), and their density
decreases toward south.
Mountain front sinuosity and valley floor ratio indexes were used to
classify the relative tectonic activity of the area. They imply that the region
is tectonically active and young. Study of landforms including alluvial fans
and those associated with active faulting indicate that tectonic activity is
transforming from North Tehran Thrust front into the pediment front.
This study introduces, the first time, a set of faults F47 (F47a, F47b,
F47c, F47d), F46, F45, and F44a. Analysis of the faults mechanism indicates new
facts about deformation within the study area.
- F47 fault set (attitude: ~N50E, 85 NW) first developed as T or R
fracture in a sinistral simple shear zone between
North Tehran Thrust and Niavaran Thrust. Continuation
of deformation caused later dextral displacement of about 150-500m along the
faults and their anti-clockwise rotation. Further block rotation has moved
these into the compressive zone of deformation during the latest stage of
activity, which caused reverse dip-slip displacements of about 1 m. This stage
of activity occurred before deposition of the upper part of C Formation
according to startigraphic evidences.
As the activity of this fault set is related to the movement along the
North Tehran Thrust, it is therefore suggesting the latest activity of the
North Tehran Thrust before deposition of the upper part of C Formation.
- Hydrogeologic and hydrologic studies are
including investigation of the water table profiles across North Rey, South Rey and Kahrizak Faults, and hydrographs for major rivers and 36
wells for a period of nine years monthly observation.
According to my findings, North Tehran Thrust behaves as a barrier and
obstructs recharges the southern aquifer. Numerous spring and seepages present
along the North Tehran Thrust and an increase of drainage density in Karaj Formation in the hanging wall of the thrust verify
this explanation.
Compartmentalization of ground water in the vicinity of main faults has
been explored too.
Hydrographs for observation wells along with the water table profiles
indicate that the North Rey, South Rey and Kahrizak Faults act as a
barrier against ground water flow. The North Rey
Fault appears to be impermeable at depth but more permeable near the surface.
It acts very much like surface dams, holds back water until a certain elevation
above which the water spills over the top.